Polyurethane flexible ua npuas ncauj yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, uas yog ib hom kev hloov pauv ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj nrog qee yam elasticity. Nws yog cov khoom siv polyurethane tshaj plaws hauv cov khoom siv polyurethane. Polyurethane mos ua npuas ncauj feem ntau yog qhib-cell qauv, nrog tsawg ntom, zoo elastic rov qab, suab haum, qhov cua, cua sov preservation thiab lwm yam khoom. Nws yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv ncoo rau cov rooj tog zaum, txaj txaj, lub rooj zaum hauv tsheb, thiab lwm yam. Cov ntaub mos mos yog siv los ua cov khoom siv lim dej, cov khoom siv suab nrov, cov khoom tsis zoo, cov khoom siv kho kom zoo nkauj, cov khoom ntim thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob.
Polyurethane ua npuas ncauj ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom raws li cov qauv sib txawv:
A. Raws li qib ntawm softness thiab hardness, uas yog, qhov sib txawv load-resistant kev ua tau zoo, polyurethane saj zawg zog ua npuas ncauj yuav muab faib mus rau hauv zoo tib yam saj zawg zog ua npuas ncauj, super-soft ua npuas ncauj, high-loading saj zawg zog ua npuas ncauj thiab high-resilience saj zawg zog ua npuas ncauj, ntawm uas siab-resilience saj zawg zog ua npuas ncauj thiab high-loading saj zawg zog ua npuas ncauj Foam yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub tsim ntawm lub rooj zaum cushions, txaj, thiab lwm yam.
B. Raws li cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, polyurethane mos ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem muab faib ua npuas npuas thiab molded mos ua npuas ncauj. Thaiv mos ua npuas ncauj yog tsim los ntawm ib tug tas mus li txheej txheem los tsim loj-ntim ua npuas ncauj, thiab ces txiav nws mus rau hauv npaus ntawm qhov xav tau zoo. Cov molded mos ua npuas ncauj yog cov khoom ua npuas ncauj uas ncaj qha sib xyaw cov ntaub ntawv raw thiab tom qab ntawd txhaj rau hauv pwm kom ua npuas dej rau hauv qhov xav tau los ntawm txoj kev sib txawv.
Vim li cas thiaj muaj ntau hom kev hloov pauv ntawm polyurethane foams thiab ntau daim ntawv thov? Qhov no yog vim muaj ntau yam ntawm cov khoom siv raw, yog li cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv tau yooj yim polyurethane foams ua kuj txawv. Tom qab ntawd, cov khoom siv raw siv rau cov khoom siv tau yooj yim polyurethane foams Cov teebmeem ntawm cov khoom tiav yog dab tsi? Cov lus teb yuav muab rau hauv qab no.
1. Polyether polyol
Raws li cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov khoom siv tau yooj yim polyurethane ua npuas ncauj, polyether polyol reacts nrog isocyanate los ua urethane, uas yog cov pob txha cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj. Yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm polyether polyol yog nce, tus nqi ntawm lwm yam raw cov ntaub ntawv (isocyanate, dej thiab catalyst, thiab lwm yam) yuav txo, uas yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau tawg los yog tawg ntawm polyurethane saj zawg zog ua npuas ncauj khoom. Yog tias tus nqi ntawm polyether polyol raug txo, cov khoom tau hloov pauv ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yuav nyuaj thiab elasticity yuav raug txo, thiab txhais tes yuav tsis zoo.
Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov nruab nrab kev ua haujlwm ntawm polyether polyol tseem cuam tshuam cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv polyurethane hloov tau yooj yim. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm kev ua haujlwm zoo ib yam, qhov loj dua qhov hnyav molecular ntawm polyether polyol, nws cov reactivity qis dua, tab sis lub zog tensile, elongation thiab resilience ntawm cov khoom tau txais polyurethane saj zawg zog ua npuas ncauj yog ho txhim kho; Nyob rau hauv tus nqi sib npaug Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm tib yam (molecular hnyav / functionality), yog hais tias lub functionality ntawm polyether polyol nce, lub reactivity yuav tsum tau kho kom zoo, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi yuav kuj ceev, lub degree ntawm cross-linking ntawm lub resulting polyurethane yuav. nce, thiab hardness ntawm cov npuas yuav nce, tab sis elongation ntawm cov khoom yuav nce. tau tsis kam. Yog li ntawd, Luoyang Tianjiang Chemical New Materials Co., Ltd. tau qhia tias kev tsim cov khoom siv polyurethane hloov tau yooj yim yuav tsum xaiv polyether polyols nrog qhov nruab nrab ua haujlwm ntawm ntau tshaj 2.5. Yog hais tias qhov nruab nrab functionality ntawm polyether polyols tsawg dhau lawm, qhov tau txais polyurethane foams Qhov rov qab tom qab compression tsis zoo.
2. Foaming agent
Feem ntau, tsuas yog dej (chemical foaming agent) yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev foaming hauv kev tsim cov polyurethane blocks uas muaj qhov ntom ntom ntau dua 21g / cm3, thiab cov ntsiab lus qis qis xws li methylene chloride (MC) yog siv rau hauv cov formulations tsawg lossis ultra. - soft formulations. Compounds (lub cev tshuab tshuab) ua haujlwm pab tshuab tshuab.
Raws li tus neeg sawv cev tshuab, dej reacts nrog isocyanate los tsim urea bonds thiab tso tawm ntau CO2 thiab cua sov. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog kev sib txuas txuas ntxiv. Cov dej ntau dua, qhov ua npuas ncauj qis dua thiab muaj zog dua qhov hardness. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, cov ncej ntawm tes ua me thiab tsis muaj zog, uas txo cov kabmob muaj peev xwm, thiab nws yooj yim tawg thiab tawg. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev noj cov isocyanate nce, thiab cov cua sov tso tawm nce. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau cov tub ntxhais hlawv. Yog hais tias cov dej ntau tshaj 5.0 qhov chaw, yuav tsum tau ntxiv ib tug foaming tus neeg sawv cev los nqus ib feem ntawm lub tshav kub thiab tsis txhob core burning. Thaum tus nqi ntawm cov dej raug txo, tus nqi ntawm cov catalyst raug txo qis, tab sis qhov ceev ntawm qhov tau txais kev hloov pauv polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog nce.
Tus neeg saib xyuas tshuab tshuab yuav txo qhov ntom thiab hardness ntawm polyurethane hloov tau yooj yim ua npuas ncauj. Txij li thaum tus pab tshuab tshuab nqus tau ib feem ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thaum lub sij hawm gasification, tus nqi kho yog qeeb, yog li nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tsim kom muaj cov catalyst; Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim tias qhov gasification absorbs ib feem ntawm lub tshav kub, qhov kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov tub ntxhais hlawv yog zam.
3. Toluene diisocyanate
Polyurethane flexible ua npuas ncauj feem ntau xaiv T80, uas yog, sib tov ntawm ob isomers ntawm 2, 4-TDI thiab 2,6-TDI nrog ib tug ratio ntawm (80 ± 2) feem pua thiab (20 ± 2) feem pua. .
Tus nqi tiag tiag ntawm isocyanate{{0}}[0.1554 × (acid tus nqi ntawm polyol polymer ntxiv rau hydroxyl tus nqi) ntxiv rau 9.667 × dej feem pua] × isocyanate index. Cov isocyanate Performance index feem ntau yog tswj ntawm 1.03-1.10. Thaum lub isocyanate Performance index nce nyob rau hauv ib tug tej yam ntau yam, lub hardness ntawm lub npuas nce, tab sis tom qab mus txog rau ib tug tej yam taw tes, lub hardness yuav tsis nce ntxiv lawm, thaum lub zog tsim kua muag, tensile zog thiab elongation tag nrho txo.
Thaum lub isocyanate Performance index siab dhau lawm, qhov saum npoo yuav nplaum rau lub sijhawm ntev, qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm lub cev ua npuas ncauj yuav nce, cov qauv ua npuas dej yuav ntxhib, lub xov tooj kaw yuav nce ntxiv, tus nqi rov qab yuav txo qis, thiab qee zaum. cov khoom yuav tawg. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tu ncua ntawm TDI tsis ua haujlwm, tus nqi calorific tau nce, thiab lub sijhawm exothermic thiab lub sijhawm kho tau ntev, qee zaum txog li ob peb teev. Qhov no yuav ua rau lub hauv paus kub ntawm cov npuas dej ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau lub sijhawm ntev, uas yuav yooj yim ua rau coking thiab kub kub hauv nruab nrab ntawm polyurethane thaiv.
Yog tias qhov ntsuas isocyanate tsawg dhau, lub zog txhua yam thiab qhov ua kom muaj zog ntawm cov npuas dej yuav raug txo, kom cov npuas dej ua rau cov kab nrib pleb zoo, uas yuav ua rau muaj teeb meem tsis zoo ntawm cov txheej txheem foaming; Tsis tas li ntawd, yog tias cov isocyanate index tsawg dhau lawm, nws tseem yuav ua rau cov txheej txheem compression ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj loj dua, thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov npuas dej yog nquag ntub.
4. Catalyst
A. Tertiary amine catalyst: A33 (triethylenediamine tov nrog ib pawg loj ntawm 33 feem pua) feem ntau yog siv, thiab nws txoj haujlwm yog los txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm isocyanate thiab dej, kho qhov ntom ntawm cov npuas dej thiab qhov qhib ntawm npuas, thiab lwm yam. ., feem ntau los txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv foaming.
Yog tias tus nqi ntawm tertiary amine catalyst ntau dhau, nws yuav ua rau cov khoom ua npuas ncauj polyurethane sib cais, thiab yuav muaj qhov pores lossis npuas hauv npuas; Yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm tertiary amine catalyst tsawg dhau, qhov tshwm sim polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yuav ntsws, kaw hlwb, thiab yuav ua rau cov khoom ua npuas ncauj hauv qab tuab.
B. Organometallic catalyst: T-19 feem ntau yog siv los ua organotin octoate catalyst; T-19 yog gel cov tshuaj tiv thaiv catalyst nrog kev ua haujlwm siab catalytic, thiab nws lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb yog los txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv gel, uas yog, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab.
Yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm organotin catalyst ntau dhau lawm, nws yuav ua rau kom ceev gelation ceev, nce viscosity, hloov nyob rau hauv resilience thiab huab cua permeability, thiab yooj yim ua rau kaw-cell tshwm sim; Yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm organotin catalyst tsawg dhau, nws yuav ua rau condensation Tsis txaus kua nplaum, uas ua rau tawg thaum lub sij hawm foaming txheej txheem, tawg rau ntawm ntug los yog sab saum toj ntawm cov npuas dej, thiab de-blanking thiab burrs. Yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm organotin catalyst yog tsim nyog, yuav tau txais ib tug zoo qhib cell polyurethane ua npuas ncauj. Ntxiv rau qhov nce ntxiv ntawm organotin catalyst yuav ua rau cov npuas dej maj mam nruj, ua rau lub ntsws ntsws thiab kaw.
Txo tus nqi ntawm tertiary amine catalyst los yog nce tus nqi ntawm organotin catalyst yuav ua rau kom lub zog ntawm lub polymer npuas zaj duab xis phab ntsa thaum ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov roj generated, yog li txo qhov tshwm sim ntawm hollowing los yog tawg.
Txawm hais tias cov polyurethane ua npuas ncauj muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhib-cell lossis kaw-cell qauv feem ntau yog nyob ntawm seb cov gel cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev thiab cov pa nthuav dav nrawm yog sib npaug thaum tsim cov polyurethane ua npuas ncauj. Qhov kev sib npaug no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev kho hom thiab tus nqi ntawm tertiary amine catalyst catalyst thiab ua npuas ncauj stabilization thiab lwm yam auxiliary agents hauv kev tsim.
5. Ua npuas ncauj stabilizer (silicone roj)
Ua npuas ncauj stabilizer yog ib hom surfactant, uas tuaj yeem ua rau polyurea tawg tau zoo nyob rau hauv lub foaming system, ua lub luag haujlwm ntawm "lub cev cross-linking point", thiab tuaj yeem ua kom pom tseeb qhov viscosity thaum ntxov ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj sib xyaw thiab tsis txhob ua npuas ncauj tawg.
Ntawm qhov tod tes, ua npuas ncauj stabilizer muaj cov nyhuv emulsification, uas tuaj yeem txhim kho kev sib nrig sib solubility ntawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj. Nws tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov huab cua sib cais hauv cov khoom siv raw yooj yim dua rau nucleate thaum lub sijhawm nplawm thiab sib xyaw ua ke, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev tsim cov npuas zoo, kho qhov loj ntawm cov npuas pores, tswj cov qauv ntawm tes, thiab txhim kho cov foaming stability. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov teeb meem xws li kev sib tsoo thiab tawg ntawm cov hlwb ua rau cov phab ntsa ua npuas ncauj elastic thiab tswj cov pore loj thiab uniformity ntawm cov npuas dej. Cov kws tshaj lij los ntawm Luoyang Tianjiang Kev Lag Luam Tshuaj Tshuaj tau sau tseg cov haujlwm ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj stabilizers raws li hauv qab no: stabilize tus npaus nyob rau hauv thawj theem ntawm foaming, tiv thaiv lub npuas los ntawm merging nyob rau hauv nruab nrab theem ntawm foaming, thiab txuas lub hlwb nyob rau hauv lub tom qab theem ntawm foaming. Feem ntau, tus neeg sawv cev foaming thiab POP ntau dua, siv cov roj silicone ntau dua.
Yog tias tus nqi ntawm cov npuas stabilizer ntau dhau lawm, qhov elasticity ntawm cov phab ntsa ua npuas dej yuav nce ntxiv nyob rau theem tom qab, thiab cov hlwb yuav zoo thiab tsis yooj yim rau rupture, tab sis nws yog ib qho yooj yim ua rau kaw lub hlwb; yog tias tus nqi ntawm cov npuas stabilizer tsawg dhau, cov npuas dej yuav tawg thiab tawg tom qab pib. Ua Npuas Ncauj, qhov pores ntawm npuas yog loj thiab nws yooj yim rau npuas thiab lwm yam.
6. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv foaming ntawm polyurethane nce raws li qhov kub ntawm cov khoom nce, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov tub ntxhais kub hnyiab thiab hluav taws kub nyhiab hauv cov qauv rhiab heev. Qhov kub ntawm polyol thiab isocyanate Cheebtsam yog feem ntau tswj tas li. Thaum foaming, npuas ntom ntom txo thiab cov khoom kub nce raws li. Tib cov mis, tib cov khoom kub thiab kub nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev tau nrawm thiab hardness, nce ntxiv hauv kev siv tshuab zog. Nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov, qhov isocyanate Performance index tuaj yeem tsim nyog nce ntxiv los kho qhov txo qis hauv hardness.
7. Kev cuam tshuam ntawm huab cua noo
Thaum cov av noo nce, qhov hardness yuav txo qis vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm pawg isocyanate hauv cov npuas dej nrog cov dej noo hauv huab cua, yog li cov nyiaj ntawm isocyanate tuaj yeem tsim nyog nce thaum lub sijhawm ua npuas dej. Yog tias nws loj dhau lawm, nws yuav ua rau qhov kub thiab txias txias heev thiab ua rau kub siab.
8. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm atmospheric siab
Lub atmospheric siab ntawm ib puag ncig thaum lub sij hawm foaming txheej txheem kuj yuav cuam tshuam rau cov khoom ntawm polyurethane ua npuas ncauj khoom rau ib yam twg. Qhov siab dua, qhov siab dua ntawm cov khoom tiav; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, qhov qis qis, qhov qis dua qhov ntom ntawm cov khoom tiav. Piv txwv li, siv tib lub formulation, foaming ntawm qhov siab dua ua rau cov khoom ua npuas ncauj qis dua.
Thaum kawg, peb xav kom koj ua tib zoo mloog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no:
A. Nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem ntawm cov khoom yas foamed, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv gel thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv foaming tshwm sim nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, tab sis muaj kev sib tw ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Feem ntau, lub foaming cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev yog ntau dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv gelation ceev.
Gel Reaction - Carbamate tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv (piv txwv li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm isocyanate pawg nrog hydroxyl pawg).
Foaming reaction - yog hais txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas muaj dej, tsim urea thiab tsim npuas.
Txawm hais tias polyurethane ua npuas ncauj muaj qhov zoo tshaj plaws qhib-cell lossis kaw-cell qauv feem ntau yog nyob ntawm seb cov gel ceev thiab cov roj nthuav tawm nrawm yog sib npaug thaum tsim ua npuas dej. Qhov kev sib npaug no tuaj yeem ua tiav los ntawm kev kho cov hom thiab cov nqi ntawm tertiary amine catalysts thiab foam stabilizers hauv cov qauv.
B. Tus naj npawb ntawm npuas tsim nyob rau hauv lub foaming system thiab qhov luaj li cas ntawm cov hlwb nyob rau hauv lub npaus nyob ntawm seb cov nyhuv ntawm tus neeg sab nraud nucleating. Qhov ntau tus neeg sawv cev nucleating, ntau cov npuas tsim, thiab cov hlwb me dua.
Nucleating tus neeg sawv cev yog ib yam khoom uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov npuas tsim, xws li cov khoom zoo hauv lub cev, kua, ua npuas dej stabilizer lossis cov npuas zoo uas yog yaj hauv cov khoom, suav nrog huab cua lossis nitrogen yaj hauv polyols thiab isocyanates, Carbon dioxide, ua npuas ncauj stabilizer, carbon dub thiab lwm yam fillers. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem ua rau cov roj ua kom muaj npuas ntau dua hauv cov khoom, thiab qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov npuas, qhov zoo dua qhov pores.
C. Qhov ntev ntawm lub sij hawm pub mis kuj tseem yuav cuam tshuam cov khoom ntawm cov khoom ua tiav polyurethane ua npuas ncauj rau qee yam. Lub sij hawm ntev ntawm lub mis yog, qhov ntau conducive rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov npuas loj. Yog li ntawd, thiaj li yuav txo tau cov tiam ntawm cov npuas loj, tus nqi ntawm cov catalyst tuaj yeem tsim nyog, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub sij hawm luv luv, thiab nplua-cell npuas tuaj yeem tau txais vim kev sib tw ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv gel thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv npuas.
