Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm Polyurethane Elastomer
1.1 Hardness
Lub hardness ntau yam ntawm cov roj hmab zoo tib yam yog Shore A20 rau Shore A90, lub hardness ntawm yas yog hais txog Shore A95 rau Shore D100, thiab lub hardness ntawm polyurethane elastomer yog tsawg li Shore A10 thiab siab li Shore D80, thiab tsis xav tau kev pab. ntawm fillers. Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog tias cov elastomer tseem muaj cov roj hmab zoo elasticity thiab elongation nyob rau hauv cov yas hardness, thaum cov roj hmab zoo tib yam tuaj yeem tau txais cov hardness siab dua los ntawm kev ntxiv cov muab tub lim ntau thiab cov nqi ntawm kev txo qis elasticity thiab elongation. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias thaum lub hardness siab dua 75D, nws elasticity yuav ploj mus, thiab thaum lub hardness siab dua 85D, nws tsis yog ib qho khoom elastic.
1.2 Mechanical zog
Polyurethane elastomers muaj cov neeg kho tshuab siab zog, manifested nyob rau hauv Young's modulus, tsim kua muag zog thiab bearing peev xwm.
1.2.1Young's modulus thiab tensile zog Tsis pub dhau lub elastic txwv, qhov piv ntawm tensile kev nyuaj siab rau deformation yog hu ua Young's modulus (E) los yog elastic modulus.
Polyurethane elastomers, zoo li lwm cov elastomers, ua raws Hooke's theorem tsuas yog thaum qis elongation (kwv yees li 2.5 feem pua). Tab sis nws cov Young's modulus yog siab dua lwm cov elastomers. Tsis tas li ntawd, Young's modulus ntawm polyurethane elastomers npog roj hmab thiab yas, thiab qhov ntau yog dav, tsis sib xws los ntawm lwm cov ntaub ntawv.
1.2.2 kua muag zog
Lub zog tsim kua muag ntawm polyurethane elastomer yog siab heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog hom polyester, uas yog ntau tshaj ob npaug ntawm cov roj hmab ntuj.
1.2.3 Lub peev xwm nqa tau
Txawm hais tias lub zog compressive ntawm polyurethane elastomers tsis siab ntawm qhov tsis tshua muaj zog, polyurethane elastomers tuaj yeem ua rau kom muaj zog ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev tuav cov roj hmab elasticity, yog li ua tiav lub peev xwm siab load-bearing. Lub hardness ntawm lwm cov roj hmab yog heev txwv, yog li lub peev xwm bearing tsis tuaj yeem txhim kho zoo heev.
1.3 Hnav tsis kam
Kev hnav tsis kam ntawm polyurethane elastomers yog qhov zoo heev, thiab cov txiaj ntsig kev xeem feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm {{0}}.03 txog 0.20 mm3 / m, uas yog li 3 mus rau 5 zaug uas ntawm natural roj hmab. Hauv kev siv tiag tiag, vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov khoom xws li lubricants, cov nyhuv feem ntau zoo dua. Kev hnav tsis kam yog ze ze rau lub zog tsim kua muag thiab qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom. Lub zog tsim kua muag ntawm polyurethane elastomer yog ntau dua li lwm cov roj hmab, tab sis nws tus kheej coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam tsis tsawg, feem ntau saum toj no 0.5, uas yuav tsum tau ntxiv roj lubricants, los yog ntxiv me me ntawm molybdenum disulfide los yog Graphite, silicone roj, tetrafluoroethylene hmoov, thiab lwm yam., kom txo tau kev sib txhuam coefficient thiab txo kev sib txhuam kub tsim. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam kuj muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom xws li cov khoom hardness thiab qhov kub thiab txias. Nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, tus coefficient ntawm kev sib txhuam nce nrog txo hardness thiab nce nrog nce qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov siab tshaj plaws yog ncav cuag li 60 degree.
1.4 Roj thiab tshuaj lom neeg muaj zog
Polyurethane elastomer, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog polyester polyurethane elastomer, yog ib yam khoom muaj zog polar polymer khoom. Nws tsis tshua muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog cov roj ntxhia uas tsis yog-polar, thiab tsis tshua muaj eroded hauv roj roj (xws li roj av, roj av) thiab cov khoom siv roj (xws li roj hydraulic, roj cav, roj lubricating, thiab lwm yam), zoo dua li cov roj hmab dav dav, thiab tuaj yeem ua ke nrog piv rau nitrile roj hmab. Txawm li cas los xij, nws swells zoo heev hauv cawv, esters, ketones thiab aromatic hydrocarbons, thiab maj mam rhuav tshem ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Qhov loj o thiab qee zaum degradation hauv halogenated hydrocarbons. Polyurethane elastomer raus hauv cov tshuaj inorganic, yog tias tsis muaj catalyst, zoo ib yam li raus hauv dej. Nws degrades sai dua nyob rau hauv tsis muaj zog acid thiab qaug zog alkali tov tshaj nyob rau hauv dej, thiab muaj zog acid thiab muaj zog alkali muaj zog corrosive nyhuv ntawm polyurethane.
Kev siv kub ntawm polyurethane elastomer hauv cov roj yog qis dua 110 degree, uas yog siab dua li hauv huab cua. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv ntau daim ntawv thov engineering, cov roj ib txwm muaj paug nrog dej. Kev ntsuam xyuas tau pom tias ntev npaum li cov roj muaj 0.02 feem pua ntawm cov dej, yuav luag tag nrho cov dej tuaj yeem hloov mus rau elastomer. Lub sijhawm no, kev siv cov nyhuv yuav txawv heev.
1.5 Dej tsis kam
Cov dej tsis kam ntawm polyurethane elastomers ntawm chav tsev kub yog qhov zoo, thiab tsis muaj qhov pom tseeb hydrolysis yuav tshwm sim hauv ib lossis ob xyoos, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau polybutadiene, polyether thiab polycarbonate hom. Los ntawm kev txhim kho cov dej tsis zoo, cov txheej txheem extrapolation qhia tau hais tias lub sij hawm xav tau rau kev poob ntawm ib nrab ntawm lub zog tensile hauv dej ntawm chav tsev kub ntawm 25 degree, polyester elastomer (polyethylene adipate-TDI-MOCA) yog 10 xyoo, polyether elastomer (PTMG-TDI-MOCA) yog 50 xyoo, uas yog, hom polyether yog 5 npaug ntawm hom polyester.
1.6 Thaum tshav kub kub thiab oxidation tsis kam
Lub tshav kub tsis kam ntawm polyurethane elastomers nyob rau hauv inert gases (xws li nitrogen) tseem zoo, thiab tsis kam mus rau oxygen thiab ozone nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub kuj zoo heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog polyester. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua haujlwm ib txhij ntawm qhov kub thiab txias yuav ua rau cov txheej txheem kev laus ntawm polyurethane. Lub siab kub txwv ntawm cov polyurethane elastomers dav dav hauv huab cua rau kev siv mus sij hawm ntev yog 80-90 degree, thiab nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag 120 degree hauv kev siv sijhawm luv. Qhov kub uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau thermal oxidation realization yog txog 130 degree. Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ntau yam, thermal oxidation kuj ntawm polyester hom yog zoo dua li ntawm polyether hom. Ntawm cov hom polyester, hom polyethylene adipate zoo dua li hom polyester. Hauv hom polyether, PTMG zoo dua li PPG hom, thiab ob qho tib si txhim kho nrog qhov nce ntawm elastomer hardness. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub zog ntawm polyurethane elastomers feem ntau txo qis hauv qhov kub thiab txias.
1.7 Tsawg kub ua haujlwm
Polyurethane elastomers muaj qhov kub thiab txias tsis zoo, feem ntau yog qhov tseeb tias qhov kub thiab txias yog feem ntau qis ({{0}}} ~ -70 degree ), thiab qee cov formulations (xws li PCL-TDI-MOCA) tsis nkig txawm nyob rau hauv qhov kub thiab txias. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, qhov kub tsis tshua muaj elasticity ntawm cov zauv ntau yam (xws li PTMG-TDI-MOCA) kuj zoo heev. Lub compression txias tsis kam coefficient ntawm -45 degree tuaj yeem ncav cuag qib 0.2-0.5, tab sis feem ntau ntau yam, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qee hom ntau yam, xws li cov polyester elastomers, muaj qhov sib txawv loj heev rau crystallize ntawm tsis tshua muaj kub thiab tsis kub tsis tshua muaj elasticity, yog li lawv yog siv los ua cov ntsaws ruaj ruaj. Nws yog ib qho yooj yim kom xau roj hauv thawj theem ntawm -20 degree .
Nrog txo qhov kub thiab txias, qhov hardness, tensile lub zog, lub zog tsim kua muag thiab torsional rigidity ntawm polyurethane elastomers nce ho, thaum rebound thiab elongation txo.
1.8 Vibration absorption kev ua tau zoo
Cov nyhuv ntawm polyurethane elastomer ntawm alternating kev ntxhov siab pom pom tseeb hysteresis. Hauv cov txheej txheem no, ib feem ntawm lub zog ntawm lub zog sab nraud yog siv los ntawm kev sib txhuam sab hauv ntawm cov molecules ntawm elastomer thiab hloov mus rau hauv lub zog cua sov. Cov cuab yeej no yog hu ua kev vibration absorbing kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov khoom, los yog lub zog absorbing kev ua tau zoo los yog damping kev ua tau zoo. Vibration absorption kev ua tau zoo feem ntau qhia los ntawm attenuation coefficient. Lub attenuation coefficient qhia txog feem pua ntawm lub zog siv rau nws uas tuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov khoom deformed. Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom ntawm cov khoom, nws kuj muaj feem xyuam rau qhov kub thiab txias thiab vibration zaus. Qhov kub thiab txias, qhov qis dua qhov coefficient attenuation, siab dua qhov kev vibration zaus, thiab ntau dua lub zog absorbed. Thaum qhov zaus nyob ze rau lub sij hawm so ntawm macromolecule, lub zog absorbed yog siab tshaj. Polyurethane elastomers ntawm chav tsev kub tuaj yeem nqus tau 10 feem pua -20 feem pua ntawm lub zog vibrational, zoo dua li cov roj hmab nitrile. Nws yog tsim rau absorbing loj cuam tshuam quab yuam thaum lub deformation amplitude me me, thiab absorbing me me quab yuam thaum lub deformation amplitude loj.
Tsis tas li ntawd, hysteresis tsim cov cua sov endogenous uas ua rau qhov kub thiab txias ntawm elastomer. Raws li qhov kub ntawm lub elastomer nce, nws cov resilience nce thiab damping kev ua tau zoo txo. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib npaug ntawm ntau yam khoom yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum tsim cov damping qhov chaw.
1.9 Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob
Cov hluav taws xob rwb thaiv tsev ntawm polyurethane elastomers yog qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm kub, kwv yees sib npaug rau cov qib ntawm neoprene thiab phenolic resins. Vim tias nws tuaj yeem raug cam khwb cia thiab molded, nws feem ntau yog siv los ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv potting thiab cable sheathing. Vim nws qhov loj molecular polarity thiab affinity rau dej, cov khoom hluav taws xob ntawm polyurethane elastomers sib txawv heev nrog ambient kub, thiab tsis haum rau high-frequency hluav taws xob cov ntaub ntawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov khoom hluav taws xob ntawm polyurethane elastomers txo qis nrog qhov kub thiab txias thiab nce nrog nce hardness ntawm cov khoom.
1.10 Radiation kuj
Ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws polymer, polyurethane elastomers muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau lub zog hluav taws xob. Nws tseem muaj kev ua tau zoo raws li 105-106Gy tawg koob tshuaj. Txawm li cas los xij, rau lub teeb-xim lossis pob tshab elastomers, kev hloov xim tuaj yeem tshwm sim nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm hluav taws xob, zoo ib yam li cov kev soj ntsuam huab cua kub los yog atmospheric aging tests.
1.11 Pwm tsis kam
Cov pwm tsis kam ntawm polyether polyurethane yog qhov zoo, thiab qhov ntsuas qib yog {{0}}, uas yog, qhov pib tsis muaj pwm loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, polyester polyurethane tsis resistant rau mildew, thiab qhov kev ntsuam xyuas tshwm sim yog mildew loj heev, uas tsis haum rau tropical thiab subtropical teb siv thiab cia nyob rau hauv kub thiab av noo. Polyester polyurethane elastomers siv nyob rau hauv lub tshav pob thiab nyob rau hauv kub thiab av ib puag ncig yuav tsum tau ntxiv nrog antifungal agents (xws li tooj liab octahydroxyquinoline, BCM, thiab lwm yam., qhov ntau npaum li cas yog 0.1 feem pua -0.5 feem pua) los txhim kho nws pwm kuj. . .
1.12 Biomedical Properties
Cov ntaub ntawv polyurethane muaj biocompatibility zoo heev. Kev kuaj mob toxicological thiab mob ntev thiab kuaj tsiaj tau lees paub tias cov ntaub ntawv kho mob polyurethane tsis muaj tshuaj lom, tsis cuam tshuam, tsis ua xua, tsis muaj zog hauv zos, thiab tsis paub txog pyrogen, thiab yog cov khoom muaj nqis tshaj plaws. Ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws kho mob polymer.
