Cold-kho siab-resilience polyurethane ua npuas ncauj yog ib qho zoo heev lub rooj zaum cushion khoom, uas muaj qhov zoo ntawm zoo resilience, zoo nplaim retardancy thiab tsawg tus nqi. Txawm li cas los xij, nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem tsim tawm ntawm cov ua npuas ncauj siab, muaj ntau yam tsis xws luag xws li ua npuas ncauj shrinkage, ua npuas ncauj hollow vau, residual tsw, tsis zoo deg thiab pores, thiab tsis zoo noo noo-tshav kub kev ua tau zoo yog feem ntau ntsib. Nyob rau hauv xyoo tas los no, tus sau tau ua qee qhov kev tshawb fawb txog cov teeb meem ntawm kev tsim khoom.
1. Ua npuas ncauj shrinkage
Hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, qhov teeb meem feem ntau thiab nyuaj los daws yog ua npuas ncauj shrinkage. Muaj ob lub laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov shrinkage, cov cuab yeej pwm thiab cov khoom siv raw, thiab ob qho tib si sib xyaw ua ke.
1.1 Tooling thiab pwm yam
Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov pwm tsis zoo sealing, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los ua kom to, yog li ntawd lub cev ua npuas ncauj tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag qhov tsim ntom, ua rau ua npuas ncauj shrinkage. Thaum shrinking, cov khoom ua npuas ncauj yuav tsim ib qho nyuaj ntug phenomenon nyob ze ntawm tus coj parting kab. Nws tuaj yeem daws tau los ntawm kev txhim kho qhov nruj ntawm pwm lub qhov ncauj lossis ua kom cov pwm clamping quab yuam kom zoo.
1.2 Cov khoom siv raw
Yog tias cov npuas zaj duab xis yog elastic dua thaum lub sijhawm ua npuas dej, thiab thaum muaj roj ntau tshwm sim thiab ua rau lub ntim nthuav dav, lub hlwb kuj nthuav dav yam tsis muaj kev tawg, thiab feem ntau ntawm cov npuas tau raug kaw, uas yog, qhov sib piv ntawm cov xov tooj kaw. yog siab, ces thaum ua npuas ncauj yog Thaum lub cev txias, cov pa roj siab nyob rau hauv lub npuas dauv, ua rau cov npuas dej ntsws thiab deform. Tus kws sau ntawv ntseeg tias muaj plaub qhov kev daws teeb meem tseem ceeb rau qhov tshwm sim kaw-cell no.
(1) Lub pore loj thiab qhib porosity ntawm cov npuas dej tuaj yeem tswj tau los ntawm kev kho tus nqi ntawm cov catalyst. Feem ntau, amine catalysts feem ntau catalyze cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm isocyanate thiab dej (piv txwv li, foaming cov tshuaj tiv thaiv), thiab triethylenediamine los yog organotin catalysts feem ntau yog siv los catalyze cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm isocyanate thiab polyol (ie, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv gel). Yog hais tias lub catalyst uas txhawb nqa gelation ntau dhau lawm, cov npuas yuav gel ua ntej, thiab cov cell phab ntsa membrane muaj qhov zoo toughness thiab tsis yooj yim rau rupture, tsim kaw hlwb. Yuav kom tswj tau qhov pore loj thiab qhib cell piv ntawm cov npuas dej, tus nqi ntawm cov gel catalyst tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsim nyog los txo qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov saw hlau molecular, kom cov elasticity ntawm cov npuas zaj duab xis ntawm phab ntsa ntawm lub ncov ntawm cov roj. , thiab kaw cell ratio yog txo.
2) Kev tsim cov hlwb kaw kuj muaj feem xyuam rau qib ntawm polymerization thiab branching ntawm polyether polyols. Qhov no yog vim hais tias nyob rau hauv lub NCO / OH cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov polyether nrog high functionality tsim ib tug network qauv sai, uas yog, tsim cell membrane Lub phab ntsa elasticity yog loj, ua rau lub kaw cell rate. Qhov nruab nrab ua haujlwm ntawm polyether tuaj yeem txo qis kom txo tau cov npuas kaw ntawm tes.
(3) Tus nqi ntawm cov npuas stabilizer yog siab dhau, uas yuav ua rau lub hlwb ruaj khov thiab tsis qhib, uas ua rau shrinkage. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm npuas stabilizer nyob rau hauv ntau lawm yuav tsum tsim nyog.
(4) Thaum lub isocyanate Performance index siab dhau lawm, nws yuav ua rau cov phenomenon ntawm foam kaw hlwb ua rau aggravated, ua rau shrinkage. Lub isocyanate index yuav tsum tau tswj xyuas thaum tsim khoom.
2. Ib nrab hollow thiab tawg ua npuas ncauj sab hauv
Muaj ob lub laj thawj tseem ceeb rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm ib nrab hollowing thiab lub cev qhuav dej ntawm cov npuas dej hauv cov txheej txheem ntau lawm ntawm cov khoom siv polyurethane ua npuas ncauj.
2.1 Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis sib npaug ntawm gel thiab ua npuas ncauj
Nyob rau hauv lub foaming txheej txheem, nyob rau hauv lub kawg theem ntawm lub cim ntawm ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm cov roj, lub viscosity ntawm lub npuas zaj duab xis yog loj, tab sis lub elasticity yog tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, thaum cov roj hauv cov npuas txuas ntxiv nce ntxiv, nws tsis tuaj yeem tiv taus qhov ncab ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab phab ntsa, uas ua rau cov npuas tawg. Txhawm rau kom cov roj khiav tawm, lub qhov yog qhib. Yog tias cov phab ntsa ntawm cov yeeb yaj kiab ua npuas ncauj tawg thaum muaj roj ntau tshwm sim, cov meridians thiab cov pob txha pob txha ntawm cov hlwb tsis muaj zog txaus los tiv thaiv qhov kev tawg no, thiab qhov tawg yuav kis mus ntxiv, uas yuav ua rau tag nrho cov npuas dej tawg; Yog hais tias qhov rupture kis mus rau ib qho me me, nws yuav ua Yog tias nws nres, nws tseem yuav ua rau cov npuas dej ib nrab hollowed los yog tawg. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, yog hais tias tus gel catalyst nyob rau hauv cov khoom raw yog nce los yog tus nqi ntawm foaming catalyst yog txo los txhim kho qhov sib npaug ntawm gelation thiab foaming cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, lub zog ntawm npuas zaj duab xis phab ntsa tuaj yeem nce thaum muaj roj ntau tshwm sim, thiab cov roj tsim tawm tuaj yeem raug txo kom tsim nyog, yog li txo qis Los yog txhim kho qhov tshwm sim ntawm hollow lossis vau ua npuas ncauj. Qhov tshwm sim no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov kaw-cell shrinkage phenomenon. Thaum lub foaming catalyst tsis hloov pauv thiab tus nqi ntawm cov gel catalyst yog tsawg, nws yog ib qho yooj yim los ua kom dhau qhov qhib thiab vau ntawm lub npuas.
2.2 Tus nqi ntawm cov npuas stabilizer yog tsawg
Silicone ua npuas ncauj stabilizer yog ib qho ntawm cov khoom siv tsis tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem polyurethane foaming. Nws tuaj yeem txo qhov nro ntawm txhua yam khoom siv raw hauv cov txheej txheem ua npuas dej, txhim kho cov txheej txheem foaming, thiab ua kom cov hlwb zoo thiab sib xws. Thaum lub kaw lus nyob rau hauv qis viscosity theem, nws ua rau cov stomata phab ntsa zaj duab xis loj hlob mus rau ib tug tuab haum rau qhib, tsim tej yam kev mob rau qhov kawg qhib. Yog hais tias tus nqi ntawm cov npuas stabilizer tsawg dhau lawm, qhov ruaj khov ntawm cov npuas pores yuav tsis zoo, thiab lub qhov hws yuav qhib ntxov, ua rau ua npuas ncauj lossis ib nrab hollowing.
Tsim nyog ua npuas ncauj stabilizers tuaj yeem tswj xyuas lub sijhawm ntawm lub xov tooj ntawm tes qhib, uas yog cov txheej txheem tseem ceeb hauv cov txheej txheem foaming ntawm siab resilience ua npuas ncauj, txwv tsis pub kaw cell shrinkage yuav tshwm sim. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov qhib yuav tsum tshwm sim thaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv foaming thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv gelling tau ua tiav thiab ncav cuag qhov sib npaug, uas yog, thaum cov npuas dej nce mus txog qhov siab tshaj plaws thiab lub zog ua npuas dej tuaj yeem txhawb nqa nws tus kheej qhov hnyav, txwv tsis pub cov npuas dej yuav vau los yog hollow.
3. Ua npuas ncauj muaj cov ntxhiab tsw seem
Cov ntxhiab tsw seem hauv npuas tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm peb qhov chaw.
(1) Thaum cov isocyanate ntau dhau, yuav muaj cov toluene diisocyanate residual nyob rau hauv cov ua npuas ncauj, uas ua rau ib tug pungent tsw.
(2) Yog hais tias cov polyether xaiv nyob rau hauv raw cov ntaub ntawv formula muaj ntau yam volatile teeb meem, tej zaum yuav muaj ib tug "polyether tsw" tom qab foaming.
(3) Lub amine tsw tshwm sim los ntawm cov residual amine catalyst nyob rau hauv lub npuas yog loj heev. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los daws qhov tsw. Ua ntej, cov npuas dej tuaj yeem khaws cia rau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau ib lub sijhawm kom volatilize cov residual catalyst hauv cov npuas dej, tab sis nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev khiav lag luam hauv kev xyaum. Qhov thib ob, ntxiv ib qho amine catalyst uas tuaj yeem koom nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm lub tshuab ua npuas ncauj tuaj yeem txo cov amine tsw los ntawm cov pa amine catalysts, tab sis tib lub sij hawm, tus nqi npuas yuav nce ntxiv raws li.
4. Muaj qhov pores ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj
Muaj qhov cua ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj, lossis qhov tsaus nti sab hauv, cov xwm txheej no yuav muaj tsib yam nram qab no.
(1) Qhov saum npoo ntawm cov pwm tsis txaus, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov dej ntawm cov khoom siv, ua rau cov npuas dej ntxhib thiab ntxeem tau. Qhov no feem ntau yog nyob ntawm kev txhim kho saum npoo ntawm cov pwm, ua tib zoo ua haujlwm, thiab siv tus neeg tso tawm zoo dua.
(2) Yog tias cov viscosity ntawm cov khoom siv siab dhau lawm thiab cov kua dej tsis zoo, nws yuav ua rau cov npuas seem ntawm cov khoom ua npuas ncauj. Qhov no tsuas yog daws tau los ntawm kev txo cov viscosity ntawm cov polyether ua ke. Qhov tsim nyog viscosity ntau dua hauv kev xyaum yog 1500-1800mPa·s.
(3) Yog hais tias lub gel ceev ceev heev thiab lub sij hawm luv luv thaum lub sij hawm foaming txheej txheem, lub viscosity ntawm cov khoom system yuav nce sai, thiab cov fluidity yuav tsis zoo, uas tej zaum yuav ua rau lub pores ntawm qhov chaw. Lub sijhawm gel feem ntau tswj tau ntawm 55-65s. Tab sis lub sij hawm gel yuav tsum tsis txhob ntev dhau. Txwv tsis pub, yog tias qhov nruj ntawm pwm tsis ua raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, nws yuav ua rau cov khoom siv raw khoom pov tseg.
(4) Thawj foaming ceev ceev heev. Feem ntau hais lus, tom qab cov khoom siv raw yog sib npaug ntawm cov npoo sab hauv ntawm cov pwm hauv qab, thiab tom qab ntawd nce sai, cov npuas dej yuav muaj qhov zoo dua; Yog tias cov khoom siv raw tsis ntws mus rau saum npoo ntawm cov pwm thiab tom qab ntawd ua npuas dej, Lifting nthuav tawm cov khoom siv raw mus rau qhov no, qhov twg npuas lossis qhov tsaus nti yuav tsim tau ntau dua. Yog li ntawd, lub sij hawm nqa yuav tsum tau ncua kom tsim nyog. Feem ntau tswj tau hauv 10-15s. Txawm li cas los xij, lub sijhawm no cuam tshuam zoo heev los ntawm tus nqi ntawm cov catalyst thiab cov khoom kub thiab pwm kub hauv cov khoom siv tiag tiag. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom kub thiab pwm kub yuav tsum nruj me ntsis tswj thaum lub sij hawm tsim khoom. Feem ntau, cov khoom kub yuav tsum tau tswj ntawm 22-24 degree .
(5) Cov qauv tsim ntawm lub pwm tso qhov tsis haum. Feem ntau hais lus, lub qhov cua ntawm cov pwm yuav tsum me me thiab loj npaum li qhov ua tau, thiab cov haujlwm yuav tsum tau muab faib rau ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov pwm foaming thiab cov kab clamping. Lub qhov cua tuaj yeem coj cov khoom siv. Qhov tsim nyog faib ntawm qhov qhov cua tuaj yeem txo cov cua npuas lossis qhov tsaus nti. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, tus qauv tsim ntawm txoj kev pouring yuav tsum sib phim rau kev faib tawm ntawm qhov tso pa tawm. Hauv kev tsim cov rooj zaum loj loj, yog tias cov ntaub ntawv raw yog nchuav rau hauv ob qhov chaw tib lub sijhawm, qhov cua qhov yuav tsum tau teem rau saum toj ntawm qhov sib xyaw ntawm ob cov ntaub ntawv raw li ntau npaum li qhov ua tau kom tsis txhob muaj lub cim ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj.
5. Tsis zoo damp cua sov kev laus kev ua tau zoo
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub rooj zaum hauv ncoo ua npuas ncauj yog qhov kev sim xav tau ntau dua los ntawm Volkswagen's VW50180 tus qauv. Yav dhau los tsuas yog siv rau BORA A4 lub rooj zaum ua npuas ncauj, qhov kev sim no tam sim no tau dov tawm ntawm JETTA lub rooj ua npuas ncauj. Qhov kev sim no yog khaws cov npuas dej ntawm qhov txheeb ze av ntawm 95 feem pua -100 feem pua thiab 90 degree rau 200 teev, tom qab ntawd compress cov npuas dej ntawm 50 feem pua hauv qhov cub 70 degree, khaws cia rau 22 teev, thiab tom qab ntawd muab nws tawm thiab ntsuas nws tom qab tso nws rau 0.5 teev. ntau dua 15 feem pua.
Qhov laj thawj uas cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntub dej-kub kub ua haujlwm feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog isocyanate index.
(1) Hauv kev tsim khoom tiag tiag, thaum lub isocyanate Performance index qis, qhov ua haujlwm kub ntawm cov npuas dej tuaj yeem ua rau tsis zoo.
Raws li qhov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, tus nqi ntawm isocyanate feem ntau yuav tsum siab dua me ntsis ntau dua li qhov theoretical tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab isocyanate index yog 1.05, yog li cov pab pawg kawg ntawm cov khoom kawg ntawm cov saw txuas ntxiv yuav tsum yog NCO.
That is, nOCN-R-NCO plus (n-1)HO-R'-OH→OCN-R-NHCOO-R'-OCONH-R-NCO
Thaum tus nqi ntawm isocyanate qis dua qhov theoretical npaum li cas, qhov kawg ntawm macromolecule uas yuav tsum tau txais los ntawm cov saw txuas ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib pawg hydroxyl. Cov pab pawg Hydroxyl muaj zog hydrophilicity, uas ua rau txo qis hauv cov npuas dej nyob hauv lub xeev ntub dej, uas yog, qhov txo qis hauv cov dej kub-kub kev ua haujlwm. Qhov no kuj yog vim li cas vim li cas cov npuas dej yuav ua rau mos thiab deformed nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov los nag, los yog nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj high humidity thiab kub nyob rau hauv sab qab teb.
(2) Yog tias qhov ntsuas isocyanate siab dua li ib txwm 5 feem pua lossis ntau dua, vim yog NCO ntau dhau, NCO tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog dej hauv huab cua, thiab muaj ntau cov urea pawg hauv cov npuas dej, uas ua rau cov npuas tawv tawv thiab txo qis. resilience, uas tseem tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom ntub dej kub aging ntawm cov npuas dej deteriorate.
6. Cov lus xaus
Lub cim ntawm kev ua npuas ncauj yog feem ntau cuam tshuam los ntawm yam xws li cov khoom siv raw, cov cuab yeej thiab pwm lub xeev, thiab cov txheej txheem ntau lawm kev tswj xyuas. Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo xav txog ntau yam tseem ceeb kom txo tau cov npuas dej tsis zoo.
